Following is from Elementary Number Theory - David Burton, P.203, theorem 10.2 sigma(n) = 2n => n = 2^(p-1).(2^p-1) [p prime] suppose p=2, result true by inspection suppose p=4m+1 n = 2^4m.(2^(4m+1)-1) = 2^(8m+1) - 2^4m = 2.16^2m -16^m But 6^t == 6 [mod 10], so n == 6 [mod 10] suppose p=4m+3 n = 2^(4m+2).(2^(4m+3)-1) = 2^(8m+5) - 2^(4m+2) = 2.16^(2m+1) - 4.16^m as before, therefore, n == 8 [mod 10]